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Basic Telescope Designs
The job of a telescope is to collect light, not to magnify an image (the eyepiece does that job). The larger the objective (the part that collects the light) whether it be a lens, in refractors, or a mirror, in reflectors, the more light the telescope will collect. The more light you can collect, the more detail you will be able to capture, and also important for astrophotography, the shorter your exposures will need to be to capture this detail.
Refractor Telescopes
The type of telescope most people visualize when they hear the word telescope is the 'Refractor'. This is what Galileo used for his break-thru discoveries. A refractor has an objective lens at the front which passes the light straight through to the back of the tube, focusing this light at an eyepiece or for astrophotography a camera.
Advantages:
-No central obstruction (see more in the reflecting scopes), giving higher contrast.
-Due to the simple design they require little maintenance.
-Excellent for planetary and lunar viewing and photography.
-Excellent for wide field viewing and astrophotography especially in shorter focal lengths (more on this later).
-Because the objective is permanently mounted and aligned there is no need for collimation (again more on this in another article).
-Excellent color in apochromatic and ED (Extra Dispersion) designs.
Disadvantages:
-Costlier per inch of aperture (objective) than reflectors and catadioptric telescopes.
-Can become bulky and difficult to manage, especially in larger lens designs.
Newtonian Telescopes
This design was invented by Sir Isaac Newton (he of the apple on the head fame). Instead of a lens at the front of the tube this telescope design uses a concave, parabolic mirror to collect light reflecting it back towards the front of the tube to a flat diagonal mirror which reflects the light out the side of the telescope to the eyepiece or camera for astrophotography.
Advantages:
-Lowest cost per inch of all the telescope designs.
-More light gathering power per dollar because of the lower cost design.
-Absolutely perfect color rendition.
-More compact design compared to a refractor of similar light gathering ability.
-Excellent contrast for planetary and lunar astrophotography and viewing in longer focal lengths.
-Can get excellent wide-field astrophotos and short exposures in shorter focal lengths.
Disadvantages:
-Slight loss of contrast due to the central obstruction (the flat secondary mirror) as compared to a refractor.
-Requires more maintenance, such as collimation (discussed in another article) which is vital for great results in your astrophotography, although you will learn how to do this quickly with practice.
Schmidt-Cassegrain Telescopes
This is a very popular design, with a high tech look. Also known as a CAT (Catadrioptics). They use a combination of lenses and mirrors to collect and focus the light onto the eyepiece or camera. The light enters the telescope through a thin 'lens' called a schmidt corrector plate, goes to the back of the scope to a spherical primary mirror which reflects the light back towards the front. Here the light strikes another mirror, the secondary mirror which is mounted on the corrector plate. This secondary mirror then reflects the light back towards the back where it is focused onto a hole in the primary mirror where the light is collected by an eyepiece or your astrophotography camera.
Advantages:
-Compact and portable.
-Low maintenance although once again collimation is required for top performance.
-Many, many astrophotography accessories available.
-Cheaper per inch of aperture as compared with refractors.
-Excellent all-round telescope, good to very good for both visual and astrophography.
-Very good for planetary and lunar viewing and astrophotography.
-Very good to excellent for DSO (Deep Space Object) astrophotography with a caveat (see the disadvantages).
-Very good to excellent optics, both Meade and Celestron are putting out excellent optics on a consistant basis.
Disadvantages:
-Costlier per inch of aperture as compared with Newtonian telescopes.
-Loss of contrast due to the central obstruction which is even larger than that in the Newtonian scopes.
-Due to their longer focal lengths the field of view is smaller and longer exposures are required for astrophotography, although a lens known as a focal reducer is available which minimizes or removes this problem. The longer focal length is actually an advantage in planetary and lunar photography.
Maksutov-Cassegrain
The Maksutov-Cassegrain telescope design is basically the same as the Schmidt-Cassegrain design except it uses a meniscus lens at the front instead of a Schmidt corrector plate. The main advantage to the Mak telescope design is you will get sharper higher contrast planetary and lunar images when compared with the Schmidt design.
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Repetition is the key to getting your adverts and promotion efforts noticed but when does repetition become over saturation which inevitably leads to boredom? Boredom and apathy. This is one of the biggest challenges you'll face when promoting your site in the hit exchanges. So how do you cut through this and get people to read your message and take an interest in what your advertising?
There are three tips listed below on how to make your site stand out and draw people in to see what you're offering, but before reading and applying them, you might find it useful to ask yourself this question: What would make a fellow surfer visit my site even if the incentive of getting a visitor back to their page didn't exist?
This last point is pivotal to successful hit exchange promotion. The What's In It For Me? (WIIFM) factor has already been satisfied to a large extent, by the fact that the people that visit your page will be getting a guaranteed hit back to theirs. You need to work hard to fuel their desire, interest and curiosity even more!
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1) Be unusual
Create interest by writing curious, unusual headlines with pizzaz! Wake people up. Surfers are often in a trance like state and in a flow that you need to wake them out of.
In an article called The Hypnotic Power Of Confusion, by Dr.Joe Vitale, he speaks about the power of confusion to get hold of people's attention, and more importantly to then embed within their minds, suggestions as to what you'd like them to do next. 123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890 It's a hypnotic technique that helps to make the mind more susceptible to commands and suggestions. If your interested in finding out more about this, you'll find a treasure trove of information at http://self-hypnosis.co.uk
I've tried it out and it seems to be working! Are You Eating A Banana Or Surfing For Credits? Huh? Download Your Fre*e Report On How To Get The Most Out Of Your Hit Exchange Promotion!. Does it work on you? Would you be more likely to pay attention to this page and maybe even download the report if you saw this headline whilst surfing? Or would you, very quickly, click away from it?!
Headlines that speak directly to surfers are also good attention grabbers. I've seen some nice examples of this whilst surfing such as:
Wake Up Surfers (and lo and behold, I did wake up!), Attention Hi*t Exchange Surfers! and Are You Still Having Fun Clicking?
2) Be original
It seems that every other page being promoted in the hit exchanges is an affiliate site. Unless its for a relatively new program or the program has a variety of sites you can choose to promote, people are going to get weary of seeing the same pages over and over and over again.
Whilst repetition is important so that people become aware of a product or service, over saturation can sound the death knell for your promotion activities.
If you're an affiliate, you need to create your own page, with your own take on the benefits of the program, product or service you're promoting. Write your own recommendation and if possible, add on a freebie as an incentive for people to join through YOUR link.
Or offer a free gift in exchange for people's email addresses and then follow up with your product/program recommendations.
3) Be short & sweet
Shout out the largest benefit of what you're promoting as soon as possible because unless your copy is particularly engrossing, most surfers won't hang around long enough to read it all.
Remember, you've only got 30 seconds max for your site to be viewed and WIIFM is very much in full swing! The next page and the guarantee of another visitor back to a surfer's site all beckon.
But if you absolutely can not do with out long web copy, then you need to give them a reason to remember your site, to bookmark it and to come back later.
This may sound a bit new agey, but here's a final tip. The obvious reason why people use traffic exchanges is to get visitors to see their sites, but this stems from a deeper motivation.
Everyone who promotes their pages in the business related categories of hit exchanges is most likely doing so because they want to earn a living online and fulfil a dream of working for themselves.
When you think about it in this way, you can't help but feel a kind of kinship or bond with the owners of the sites that you see as you surf. So wish them well as you look at their sites and visualise people looking at your pages with interest. By doing this you'll be increasing the success of your campaigns and on a more practical note, don't forget to give yourself regular breaks!
About the Author--------------------------------------------------------------- Ofa Morgan is the owner of Blue Moon Offers, a site where you can submit your articles, get free content and win a great prize for your rant 'n' rave. Find out how at: http://www.bluemoonoffers.com. She's also a hit exchange enthusiast and for more details on one of the top traffic exchanges, visit: http://www.bluemoonoffers.com/wmq.html
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